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Infinite Shelf Life - Zero Thermal Degradation - for Free Cooling, Telecom Shelters, Air-condition Back-up, Electronic Comfort, Cold Storage and Cool Shipment, Cool Furniture, Cool Cothing, Solar Energy, Green House

Phase Change Materials (PCMs) or Thermal Salts are "latent" energy storage materials. They use chemical bonds to store and release heat. The thermal energy transfer occurs when a material changes from a solid to a liquid, or from a liquid to a solid. This is called a change in state, or "phase." Ice changes phase when heated at 0 deg C and is converted to water. Ice is an excellent phase change material.

It absorbs a large amount of heat in the process of changing from solid to liquid phase and this results in cooling of the surroundings. But what if you require this heat at a temperature other than zero? Thermal Salts can give out latent heat at a wide range of temperatures from sub-zero to several hundred degrees. This 'heat-on-demand' requirement is satisfied by PCMs which work at specified temperatures. We have developed a wide range of Thermal Salt for different applications and our team of scientists and engineers can arrive at a customized PCM solution for your unique need.

Physics & Chemistry - Phase Change Material PCM

Phase Change Materials PCMs can be broadly classed as Organic and Inorganic.

Organic PCMs:
Organic Thermal Salt can be Aliphatic or Other Organics. Users rarely specify the use of Organic PCMs. Latest^TM can offer Organic PCMs in low temperature range. Organic items are expensive and they have average Latent Heat per unit volume and low density. Most items in organic range are combustible in nature. They also have a wider range of Melting Point. Some customers specify organic PCM and we offer them as per their requirement. You need specify the desired Melting Point only.

Inorganic PCMs:
Inorganic Thermal Salt are generally Hydrated Salt based materials. Academicians are likely to misguide you into using pure hydrated salts like Sodium Sulphate Decahydrate and so on. Hydrated salts have a number of hydrates and an anhydrous form leading to stratification of material and loss of Latent Heat recovery with time. Hydrated salts also have a sub-cooling tendency. Old generation Thermal Salt manufacturers managed to add performance-enhancing agents. These additives do help in delaying the degradation of the thermal salt for say 100 cycles or thereabout. However, they do not address the basic reasons due to which sub-cooling and degradation happens. Earlier researchers emphasized that it is beneficial to use impure grades of base material as it promotes the nucleation and prevents sub-cooling. However, impurities also promoted nucleation of undesirable hydrates leading to stratification. Experts on crystallography have managed to identify the “Preferred Crystal Nucleation” method. It consists of a “Cold Finger” that nucleates and promotes the growth of desired crystals and “Detoxification” or “Selective Elimination” whereby any impurity that promotes the growth of undesirable crystals is removed. The current methods of Thermal Salt manufacturing are like the new generation “Combination Drugs”.

Selected List of Hydrated Salt/Eutectic Phase Change Materials (PCMs) by Melting Point Temperature.

Melting Point^oC	Grade of PCM	Useful Range	Latent Heat (L.H.) KJ/Kg	L.H. in Useful Range KJ/Kg	Specific Gravity	Remarks
-50^oC	Freezer Salt	-60 to -40^oC	325	395	1.3
-23^oC	Freezer Salt	-30 to -15^oC	330	380	1.2
-16^oC	Freezer Salt	-25 to -05^oC	330	380	1.02
00^oC	Precision	-10 to -00^oC	335	380	1
04^oC	Preservation	00 to 10^oC	105	135	1.4
07^oC	Preservation	02 to 12^oC	135	170	1.4
07^oC	Preservation	02 to12^oC	300	330	1.4	Premium Grade. Know-How Offered.
10^oC	Preservation	05 to 15^oC	170	200	1.4
15^oC	Preservation	10 to 20^oC	175	210	1.4
18^oC	Solar	15 to 21^oC	175	210	1.5	Free Day-Night Cooling & Heating. Cool Furniture, Cool Vests etc.
21^oC	Solar	18 to 24^oC	175	210	1.5
24^oC	Solar	18 to 30^oC	175	210	1.5
27^oC	Solar	22 to 32^oC	175	210	1.5
29^oC	AC-Backup	22 to 36^oC	>175	>210	1.5	To Give Back-up to AC & Comfort Telecom Shelter


32^oC	AC-Backup	22 to 36^oC	210	250	1.4
36^oC	Electronic	30to 50^oC	260	300	1.4	Electronic Comfort Telecom Shelter
40^oC	Electronic	30 to 50^oC	220	260	1.4	Electronic Comfort Telecom Shelter
45^oC	Heating	40 to 55^oC	220	260	1.4	Solar Heater Hot Pads. Heat Sinks
48^oC	Heating	40 to 58^oC	220	260	1.4
58^oC	Heating	40 to 58^oC	220	260	1.4
68^oC	Electronics	40 to 70^oC	220	280	1.8	Electronic Sinks
70^oC	Electronics	40 to 75^oC	230	290	1.8
78^oC	Electronics	40 to 80^oC	240	300	1.8
89^oC		50 to 100^oC	145	185	1.5-1.6
We have Phase Change Materials (PCMs) & Heat-Treatment Salts upto 1100^oC
The Yellow Marked Products are running items and extensively used world wide.

For a detailed write up on Thermal Salt visit our page Phase Change Material PCM Products. It gives general information on all the products like T-series Salts18-29^oC; S-series Salts 32-48^oC. Hot & Cold Packs, Freezer Salts, “Your Choice PCM”, and Encapsulation are also addressed.

For a write up on Thermal Salt for general purpose like Green house Electronics, Electronics visit our page Phase Change Material - General Products like Green House & Electronic cooling. It covers most items with a little more details.

For a write up on Thermal Salt Free Air Conditioning & Heating by Day-Night equalization at a target of 23-24^oC, green House at 16^oC and Cold Storage-Shipment visit our page Natural Cooling Phase Change Material PCM AC. Backup

For a write up on Thermal Salt for Air Conditioning Back-up & Free-Cooling by Day-Night equalization in Telecom Shelter along with a Live-Site Trial, Elimination of Diesel Generator visit our page Telecom Shelters Phase Change Material PCM

For Encapsulation of PCMs visit our page PCM - Phase Change Material Encapsulation

For Testing Methods, Conversion to BTU/^oF/lb etc. and Frequently Asked Questions visit our page Doctor Says

PCM Energy P. Ltd
Mazgaon, Mumbai 400 010, INDIA
TEL: 91-22-23770100, 23774610, 23726950, 23723564. FAX: 91-22-23728264.